1고려대학교 안암병원 서울시 독성물질 중독관리센터
2고려대학교 의과대학 응급의학교실
1Seoul Poison Control Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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이해상충
이 연구에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기관이나 이해당사자로부터 재정적, 인적 지원을 포함한 일체의 지원을 받은 바 없으며, 연구윤리와 관련된 제반 이해상충이 없음을 선언한다. 이 논문은 대한임상독성학회지와 다른 학회지에 동시 투고되지 않았으며 이전에 다른 학회지에 게재된 적이 없다.
Performance indicator | Value |
---|---|
Poison information services | |
No. of cases | 1,431 |
Acute poisoning disease requests | 1,002 (70.02) |
Calls* | 468 (32.70) |
Homepage† | 16 (1.12) |
SNS‡ | 518 (36.20) |
Online information service based on cases | 429 (29.97) |
Homepage† | 135 (9.43) |
Blogs§, Posts∥ | 136 (9.50) |
SNS‡ | 158 (11.04) |
Prevention information services | |
No. of cases | 77,570 |
No. of uses | |
Homepage† | 56,161 (72.40) |
Blogs§, Posts∥ | 15,783 (20.35) |
SNS‡ | 5,626 (7.25) |
Year | No. of participating centers | Population served (in millions) | Human exposures | Exposures per thousand population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 1 | 4.5 | 577 | 0.13 |
Variable | Male | Female | Unknown | Total | Cumulative total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | |||||
Age (yr) | |||||
<12 mo | 11 (2.15) | 9 (1.76) | 3 (0.59) | 23 (4.49) | 23 (4.49) |
1–5 | 23 (4.49) | 16 (3.13) | 11 (2.15) | 50 (9.77) | 73 (14.26) |
6–12 | 9 (1.76) | 5 (0.98) | - | 14 (2.73) | 87 (16.99) |
13–19 | 11 (2.15) | 17 (3.32) | - | 28 (5.47) | 115 (22.46) |
20–29 | 7 (1.37) | 62 (12.11) | 6 (1.17) | 75 (14.65) | 190 (37.11) |
30–39 | 14 (2.73) | 36 (7.03) | 1 (0.20) | 51 (9.96) | 241 (47.07) |
40–49 | 11 (2.15) | 18 (3.52) | - | 29 (5.66) | 270 (52.73) |
50–59 | 14 (2.73) | 25 (4.88) | 2 (0.39) | 41 (8.01) | 311 (60.74) |
60–69 | 18 (3.52) | 14 (2.73) | - | 32 (6.25) | 343 (66.99) |
70–79 | 15 (2.93) | 14 (2.73) | - | 29 (5.66) | 372 (72.66) |
≥80 | 6 (1.17) | 8 (1.56) | 2 (0.39) | 16 (3.13) | 388 (75.78) |
Unknown | - | 4 (0.78) | 120 (23.44) | 124 (24.22 | 512 (100.00) |
Total | 139 (27.15) | 228 (44.53) | 145 (28.32) | 512 (100.00) | |
Medical staff | |||||
Age (yr) | |||||
<12 mo | 2 (0.57) | - | - | 2 (0.57) | 2 (0.57) |
1–5 | 6 (1.71) | 2 (0.57) | 2 (0.57) | 10 (2.85) | 12 (3.42) |
6–12 | 3 (0.85) | 1 (0.28) | - | 4 (1.14) | 16 (4.56) |
13–19 | 7 (1.99) | 17 (4.84) | - | 24 (6.84) | 40 (11.40) |
20–29 | 5 (1.42) | 53 (15.10) | 6 (1.71) | 64 (18.23) | 104 (29.63) |
30–39 | 12 (3.42) | 23 (6.55) | 1 (0.28) | 36 (10.26) | 140 (39.89) |
40–49 | 4 (1.14) | 14 (3.99) | - | 18 (5.13) | 158 (45.01) |
50–59 | 12 (3.42) | 20 (5.70) | 2 (0.57) | 34 (9.69) | 192 (54.70) |
60–69 | 13 (3.70) | 11 (3.13) | - | 24 (6.84) | 216 (61.54) |
70–79 | 12 (3.42) | 11 (3.13) | - | 23 (6.55) | 239 (68.09) |
≥80 | 6 (1.71) | 7 (1.99) | 2 (0.57) | 15 (4.27) | 254 (72.36) |
Unknown | - | 1 (0.28) | 96 (27.35) | 97 (27.64) | 351 (100.00) |
Total | 82 (23.36) | 160 (45.58) | 109 (31.05) | 351 (100.00) | |
General public* | |||||
Age (yr) | |||||
<12 mo | 9 (5.59) | 9 (5.59) | 3 (1.86) | 21 (13.04) | 21 (13.04) |
1–5 | 17 (10.56) | 14 (8.70) | 9 (5.59) | 40 (24.84) | 61 (37.89) |
6–12 | 6 (3.73) | 4 (2.48) | - | 10 (6.21) | 71 (44.10) |
13–19 | 4 (2.48) | - | - | 4 (2.48) | 75 (46.58) |
20–29 | 2 (1.24) | 9 (5.59) | - | 11 (6.83) | 86 (53.42) |
30–39 | 2 (1.24) | 13 (8.07) | - | 15 (9.32) | 101 (62.73) |
40–49 | 7 (4.35) | 4 (2.48) | - | 11 (6.83) | 112 (69.57) |
50–59 | 2 (1.24) | 5 (3.11) | - | 7 (4.35) | 119 (73.91) |
60–69 | 5 (3.11) | 3 (1.86) | - | 8 (4.97) | 127 (78.88) |
70–79 | 3 (1.86) | 3 (1.86) | - | 6 (3.73) | 133 (82.61) |
≥80 | - | 1 (0.62) | - | 1 (0.62) | 134 (83.23) |
Unknown | - | 3 (1.86) | 24 (14.91) | 27 (16.77) | 161 (100.00) |
Total | 57 (35.40) | 68 (42.24) | 36 (22.36) | 161 (100.00) |
Values are presented as number (% of total exposures).
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.
Site | Value |
---|---|
Total | |
No. of cases | 512 |
Residence | 350 (68.4) |
Workplace | 17 (3.3) |
Public area | 13 (2.5) |
Outdoors | 9 (1.8) |
Car | 3 (0.6) |
Unknown | 120 (23.4) |
Medical staff | |
No. of cases | 351 |
Residence | 237 (67.5) |
Workplace | 15 (1.4) |
Public area | 4 (1.1) |
Outdoors | 5 (1.4) |
Car | 3 (0.9) |
Unknown | 97 (27.6) |
General public* | |
No. of cases | 161 |
Residence | 113 (70.2) |
Workplace | 12 (7.5) |
Public area | 9 (5.6) |
Outdoors | 4 (2.5) |
Unknown | 23 (14.3) |
Values are presented as number or number (%).
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.
Reason | Value |
---|---|
Total | |
No. of cases | 512 |
Unintentional | 198 (38.67) |
General | 159 (31.05) |
Therapeutic error | 4 (0.78) |
Misuse | 4 (0.78) |
Environmental | 1 (0.20) |
Bite/sting | 1 (0.20) |
Occupational | 9 (1.76) |
Food poisoning | 19 (3.71) |
Unknown | 1 (0.20) |
Intentional | 305 (59.57) |
Suspected suicide | 299 (58.40) |
Misuse | 4 (0.78) |
Abuse | 1 (0.20) |
Unknown | 1 (0.20) |
Unknown | 9 (1.76) |
Medical staff | |
No. of cases | 351 |
Unintentional | 47 (13.39) |
General | 43 (12.25) |
Therapeutic error | - |
Misuse | 1 (0.28) |
Environmental | - |
Bite/sting | - |
Occupational | 2 (0.57) |
Food poisoning | - |
Unknown | 1 (0.28) |
Intentional | 299 (85.19) |
Suspected suicide | 297 (84.62) |
Misuse | 2 (0.57) |
Abuse | - |
Unknown | - |
Unknown | 5 (1.42) |
General public* | |
No. of cases | 161 |
Unintentional | 151 (93.79) |
General | 116 (72.05) |
Therapeutic error | 1 (0.62) |
Misuse | 3 (1.86) |
Environmental | 3 (1.86) |
Bite/sting | 1 (0.62) |
Occupational | 1 (0.62) |
Food poisoning | 7 (4.35) |
Unknown | 19 (11.80) |
Intentional | 6 (3.73) |
Suspected suicide | 2 (1.24) |
Misuse | 2 (1.24) |
Abuse | 1 (0.62) |
Unknown | 1 (0.62) |
Unknown | 4 (2.48) |
Values are presented as number or number (%).
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types
Reason | <12 mo | 1–5 yr | 6–12 yr | 13–19 yr | 20–69 yr | ≥70 yr | Unknown | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | ||||||||
Unintentional | 23 (4.49) | 49 (9.57) | 13 (2.54) | 5 (0.98) | 62 (12.11) | 12 (2.34) | 34 (6.64) | 198 (38.67) |
General | 23 (4.49) | 47 (9.18) | 10 (1.95) | 5 (0.98) | 40 (7.81) | 10 (1.95) | 24 (4.69) | 159 (31.05) |
Therapeutic error | - | - | 1 (0.20) | - | 1 (0.20) | - | 2 (0.39) | 4 (0.78) |
Misuse | - | - | - | - | 2 (0.39) | 1 (0.20) | 1 (0.20) | 4 (0.78) |
Environmental | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.20) | - | 1 (0.20) |
Bite/sting | - | - | 1 (0.20) | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.20) |
Occupational | - | - | - | - | 9 (1.76) | - | - | 9 (1.76) |
Food poisoning | - | 2 (0.39) | 1 (0.20) | - | 9 (1.76) | - | 7 (1.37) | 19 (3.71) |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.20) | - | - | 1 (0.20) |
Intentional | - | - | 1 (0.20) | 23 (4.49) | 166 (32.42) | 32 (6.25) | 83 (16.21) | 305 (59.57) |
Suspected suicide | - | - | 1 (0.20) | 22 (4.30) | 161 (31.45) | 32 (6.25) | 83 (16.21) | 299 (58.40) |
Misuse | - | - | - | - | 4 (0.78) | - | - | 4 (0.78) |
Abuse | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.20) | - | - | 1 (0.20) |
Unknown | - | - | - | 1 (0.20) | - | - | - | 1 (0.20) |
Unknown | - | 1 (0.20) | - | - | - | 1 (0.20) | 7 (1.37) | 9 (1.76) |
Total | 23 (4.49) | 50 (9.77) | 14 (2.73) | 28 (5.47) | 228 (44.53) | 45 (8.79) | 124 (24.22) | 512 (100.00) |
Medical staff | ||||||||
Unintentional | 2 (0.57) | 10 (2.85) | 3 (0.85) | 2 (0.57) | 14 (3.99) | 5 (1.42) | 11 (3.13) | 47 (13.39) |
General | 2 (0.57) | 10 (2.85) | 3 (0.85) | 2 (0.57) | 11 (3.13) | 4 (1.14) | 11 (3.13) | 43 (12.25) |
Therapeutic error | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Misuse | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.28) | - | 1 (0.28) |
Environmental | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Bite/sting | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Occupational | - | - | - | - | 2 (0.57) | - | - | 2 (0.57) |
Food poisoning | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.28) | - | - | 1 (0.28) |
Intentional | - | - | 1 (0.28) | 22 (6.27) | 162 (46.15) | 32 (9.12) | 82 (23.36) | 299 (85.19) |
Suspected suicide | - | - | 1 (0.28) | 22 (6.27) | 160 (45.58) | 32 (9.12) | 82 (23.36) | 297 (84.62) |
Misuse | - | - | - | - | 2 (0.57) | - | - | 2 (0.57) |
Abuse | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.28) | 4 (1.14) | 5 (1.42) |
Total | 2 (0.57) | 10 (2.85) | 4 (1.14) | 24 (6.84) | 176 (50.14) | 38 (10.83) | 97 (27.64) | 351 (100.00) |
General public* | ||||||||
Unintentional | 21 (13.04) | 39 (24.22) | 10 (6.21) | 3 (1.86) | 48 (29.81) | 7 (4.35) | 23 (14.29) | 151 (93.79) |
General | 21 (13.04) | 37 (22.98) | 7 (4.35) | 3 (1.86) | 29 (18.01) | 6 (3.73) | 13 (8.07) | 116 (72.05) |
Therapeutic error | - | - | 1 (0.62) | - | 1 (0.62) | - | 2 (1.24) | 4 (2.48) |
Misuse | - | - | - | - | 2 (1.24) | - | 1 (0.62) | 3 (1.86) |
Environmental | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.62) | - | 1 (0.62) |
Bite/sting | - | - | 1 (0.62) | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.62) |
Occupational | - | - | - | - | 7 (4.35) | - | - | 7 (4.35) |
Food poisoning | - | 2 (1.24) | 1 (0.62) | - | 9 (5.59) | - | 7 (4.35) | 19 (11.80) |
Unknown | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Intentional | - | - | - | 1 (0.62) | 4 (2.48) | - | 1 (0.62) | 6 (3.73) |
Suspected suicide | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.62) | - | 1 (0.62) | 2 (1.24) |
Misuse | - | - | - | - | 2 (1.24) | - | - | 2 (1.24) |
Abuse | - | - | - | - | 1 (0.62) | - | - | 1 (0.62) |
Unknown | - | - | - | 1 (0.62) | - | - | - | 1 (0.62) |
Unknown | - | 1 (0.62) | - | - | - | - | 3 (1.86) | 4 (2.48) |
Total | 21 (13.04) | 40 (24.84) | 10 (6.21) | 4 (2.48) | 52 (32.30) | 7 (4.35) | 27 (16.77) | 161 (100.00) |
Values are presented as number (%).
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.
Route | Value |
---|---|
Total | |
No. of cases | 512 |
Ingestion | 449 (87.7) |
Inhalation/nasal | 30 (5.9) |
Dermal | 20 (3.9) |
Ocular | 9 (1.8) |
Bite/sting | 1 (0.2) |
Unknown | 3 (0.6) |
Medical staff | |
No. of cases | 351 |
Ingestion | 343 (97.7) |
Inhalation/nasal | 5 (1.4) |
Dermal | 1 (0.3) |
Ocular | 1 (0.3) |
Bite/sting | - |
Unknown | 1 (0.3) |
General public* | |
No. of cases | 161 |
Ingestion | 106 (65.8) |
Inhalation/nasal | 25 (15.5) |
Dermal | 19 (11.8) |
Ocular | 8 (5.0) |
Bite/sting | 1 (0.6) |
Unknown | 2 (1.2) |
Values are presented as number or number (%).
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.
Variable | Value |
---|---|
Recommendation (total) | |
No. of cases | 512 |
Visit a medical institution immediately | 36 (7.0) |
Visit a medical institution if symptoms occur | 8 (1.6) |
Observation | 71 (13.9) |
Expert’s advice | 5 (1.0) |
Substance information only | 392 (76.6) |
Type of advice (medical staff) | |
No. of cases | 351 |
Substance information only | 351 (100.0) |
Type of recommendation (general public*) | |
No. of cases | 161 |
Visit a medical institution immediately | 36 (22.4) |
Visit a medical institution if symptoms occur | 8 (5.0) |
Observation | 71 (44.1) |
Expert’s advice | 5 (3.1) |
Substance information only | 41 (25.5) |
Values are presented as number or number (%).
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.
Substance type | Value |
---|---|
Total | |
No. of cases | 512 |
C1. Medicine | 290 (56.6) |
C2. Pesticides | 23 (4.5) |
C3. Gases | 5 (1.0) |
C4. Artificial toxic substances | 42 (8.2) |
C5. Natural toxic substances | 12 (2.3) |
C6. Household products | 64 (12.5) |
C7. Stationery, toy | 15 (2.9) |
C8. Food | 26 (5.1) |
C9. Batteries, fuel | 6 (1.2) |
C10. Car accessories | 1 (0.2) |
C11. Tobacco, nicotine, other household products | 17 (3.3) |
C12. Disinfectant | - |
C13. Other toxic substances | 6 (1.2) |
C14. Unknown toxic substances | 5 (1.0) |
Medical staff | |
No. of cases | 351 |
C1. Medicine | 274 (78.1) |
C2. Pesticides | 22 (6.3) |
C3. Gases | 1 (0.3) |
C4. Artificial toxic substances | 25 (7.1) |
C5. Natural toxic substances | - |
C6. Household products | 12 (3.4) |
C7. Stationery, toy | 1 (0.3) |
C8. Food | 5 (1.4) |
C9. Batteries, fuel | 4 (1.1) |
C10. Car accessories | 1 (0.3) |
C11. Tobacco, nicotine, other household products | 5 (1.4) |
C12. Disinfectant | - |
C13. Other toxic substances | - |
C14. Unknown toxic substances | 1 (0.3) |
General public* | |
No. of cases | 161 |
C1. Medicine | 16 (9.9) |
C2. Pesticides | 1 (0.6) |
C3. Gases | 4 (2.5) |
C4. Artificial toxic substances | 17 (10.6) |
C5. Natural toxic substances | 12 (7.5) |
C6. Household products | 52 (32.3) |
C7. Stationery, toy | 14 (8.7) |
C8. Food | 21 (13.0) |
C9. Batteries, fuel | 2 (1.2) |
C10. Car accessories | - |
C11. Tobacco, nicotine, other household products | 12 (7.5) |
C12. Disinfectant | - |
C13. Other toxic substances | 6 (3.7) |
C14. Unknown toxic substances | 4 (2.5) |
Values are presented as number or number (%).
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.
No. of substances | Value |
---|---|
Total | |
No. of cases | 512 |
1 | 399 (77.93) |
2 | 92 (17.97) |
3 | 17 (3.32) |
4 | 3 (0.59) |
5 | - |
6 | 1 (0.20) |
Medical staff | |
No. of cases | 351 |
1 | 238 (67.81) |
2 | 96 (27.35) |
3 | 17 (4.84) |
4 | 3 (0.35) |
5 | - |
6 | 1 (0.28) |
General public* | |
No. of cases | 161 |
1 | 161 (100.00) |
Values are presented as number or number (%). All members of the general public who contacted the center were exposed to a single substance.
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.
Substance (major generic category) | All substances (%) | Primary substances (%) | Single-substance exposures (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Exposure cases (top 25) | |||
C1.3 Antidepressants | 137 (27.02) | 118 (33.05) | 42 (15.91) |
C1.2.4 Antipsychotics | 74 (14.60) | 15 (4.20) | 15 (5.68) |
C1.2 Sedative, hypnotics, antipsychotics | 44 (8.68) | 13 (3.64) | 11 (4.17) |
C1.2.3 Zolpidem | 39 (7.69) | 37 (10.36) | 32 (12.12) |
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 33 (6.51) | 24 (6.72) | 18 (6.82) |
C4.5 Other artificial toxic substances | 24 (4.73) | 23 (6.44) | 26 (9.85) |
C8.1 Food | 19 (3.75) | 19 (5.32) | 19 (7.20) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 14 (2.76) | 11 (3.08) | 10 (3.79) |
C4.1.3 Chlorine bleach | 12 (2.37) | 12 (3.36) | 12 (4.55) |
C1.4 Cardiovascular drugs | 11 (2.17) | 7 (1.96) | 5 (1.89) |
C1.6 Anticonvulsants | 11 (2.17) | 2 (0.56) | 2 (0.76) |
C1.1.3 Other analgesics | 9 (1.78) | 4 (1.12) | 4 (1.52) |
C6.8.4 Insecticides (household) | 8 (1.58) | 7 (1.96) | 7 (2.65) |
C1.2.1 Benzodiazepine | 7 (1.38) | 6 (1.68) | 6 (2.27) |
C13. Other toxic substances | 7 (1.38) | 6 (1.68) | 6 (2.27) |
C5.5 Other natural toxic substances | 7 (1.38) | 4 (1.12) | 4 (1.52) |
C1.25 Antihistamines | 6 (1.18) | 6 (1.68) | 3 (1.14) |
C11.2.6 Fire extinguishing agents | 6 (1.18) | 6 (1.68) | 6 (2.27) |
C6.7.5 Detergent (toilet) | 6 (1.18) | 6 (1.68) | 6 (2.27) |
C6.8.5 Insect attractants | 6 (1.18) | 6 (1.68) | 5 (1.89) |
C2.2.4 Other insecticide | 6 (1.18) | 5 (1.40) | 5 (1.89) |
C6.1.1 Body cleanser | 6 (1.18) | 5 (1.40) | 5 (1.89) |
C2.1.2 Glyphosate | 5 (0.99) | 5 (1.40) | 5 (1.89) |
C2.2.1 Organophosphate | 5 (0.99) | 5 (1.40) | 5 (1.89) |
C7.1.1 Adhesive (household) | 5 (0.99) | 5 (1.40) | 5 (1.89) |
Total | 507 (100.00) | 357 (100.00) | 264 (100.00) |
Human exposures (top 25) (medical staff) | |||
C1.3 Antidepressants | 137 (31.42) | 131 (42.12) | 42 (21.65) |
C1.2.4 Antipsychotics | 74 (16.97) | 17 (5.47) | 15 (7.73) |
C1.2 Sedative, hypnotics, antipsychotics | 44 (10.09) | 18 (5.79) | 11 (5.67) |
C1.2.3 Zolpidem | 38 (8.72) | 36 (11.58) | 31 (15.98) |
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 29 (6.65) | 20 (6.43) | 14 (7.22) |
C4.5 Other artificial toxic substances | 12 (2.75) | 12 (3.86) | 12 (6.19) |
C1.4 Cardiovascular drugs | 11 (2.52) | 7 (2.25) | 5 (2.58) |
C1.6 Anticonvulsants | 11 (2.52) | 2 (0.64) | 2 (1.03) |
C4.1.3 Chlorine bleach | 10 (2.29) | 10 (3.22) | 10 (5.15) |
C1.1.3 Other analgesics | 9 (2.06) | 4 (1.29) | 4 (2.06) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 8 (1.83) | 5 (1.61) | 5 (2.58) |
C1.2.1 Benzodiazepine | 7 (1.61) | 6 (1.93) | 6 (3.09) |
C1.25 Antihistamines | 6 (1.38) | 6 (1.93) | 3 (1.55) |
C2.1.2 Glyphosate | 5 (1.15) | 5 (1.61) | 5 (2.58) |
C2.2.1 Organophosphate | 5 (1.15) | 5 (1.61) | 5 (2.58) |
C1.7 Cold and cough preparations | 5 (1.15) | 3 (0.96) | 3 (1.55) |
C2.2 Insecticide | 4 (0.92) | 4 (1.29) | 3 (1.55) |
C2.2.4 Other insecticide | 4 (0.92) | 3 (0.96) | 3 (1.55) |
C4.1.1 Glacial acetic acid | 3 (0.69) | 3 (0.96) | 3 (1.55) |
C9.2 Fuel | 3 (0.69) | 3 (0.96) | 3 (1.55) |
C11.2.3 Paint, varnish | 3 (0.69) | 3 (0.96) | 3 (1.55) |
C1.12 Digestive medicine | 2 (0.46) | 2 (0.64) | 1 (0.52) |
C1.24 Antiasthmatic | 2 (0.46) | 2 (0.64) | 1 (0.52) |
C2.2.2 Pyrethroid | 2 (0.46) | 2 (0.64) | 2 (1.03) |
C2.2.3 Carbamate | 2 (0.46) | 2 (0.64) | 2 (1.03) |
Total | 436 (100.00) | 311 (100.00) | 264 (100.00) |
Human exposures (top 25) (general public*) | |||
No. of cases | 116 | ||
C8.1 Food | 19 (16.38) | ||
C4.5 Other artificial toxic substances | 11 (9.48) | ||
C11.2.6 Fire extinguishing agents | 6 (5.17) | ||
C13. Other toxic substances | 6 (5.17) | ||
C1.98 Other medicine | 5 (4.31) | ||
C6.1.1 Body cleanser | 5 (4.31) | ||
C6.7.5 Detergent (toilet) | 5 (4.31) | ||
C6.8.4 Insecticides (household) | 5 (4.31) | ||
C6.8.5 Insect attractants | 5 (4.31) | ||
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 4 (3.45) | ||
C4.5 Other artificial toxic substances | 4 (3.45) | ||
C6.1.6 Creams, lotions | 4 (3.45) | ||
C6.2.1 Powders (cosmetics) | 4 (3.45) | ||
C7.1.1 Adhesive (household) | 4 (3.45) | ||
C7.1.4 Artist paints | 4 (3.45) | ||
C11.1.1 Tobacco, smoking cessation products | 3 (2.59) | ||
C5.1 Marine animals | 3 (2.59) | ||
C6.1.5 Toner, skin | 3 (2.59) | ||
C6.2.3 Nail polish | 3 (2.59) | ||
C6.5.2 Liquid detergent (laundry) | 3 (2.59) | ||
C1.23 Hormone drugs | 2 (1.72) | ||
C2.2.4 Other insecticide | 2 (1.72) | ||
C3.2 Other gases | 2 (1.72) | ||
C3.3 Unknown gases | 2 (1.72) | ||
C4.1.3 Chlorine bleach | 2 (1.72) |
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types. All members of the general public who contacted the center were exposed to a single substance.
Substance (major generic category) | All substances (%) | Single-substance exposures (%) |
---|---|---|
Infant (<12 mo) exposures* | ||
C6.8.5 Insect attractants | 4 (17.39) | 4 (17.39) |
C5.5 Other natural toxic substances | 2 (8.70) | 2 (8.70) |
C6.5.2 Liquid detergent (laundry) | 2 (8.70) | 2 (8.70) |
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C1.24 Bronchial drugs | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C11.1.1 Tobacco, smoking cessation products | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C6.1 Cosmetic | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C6.1.1 Body cleanser | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C6.1.5 Toner, skin | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C6.4.8 Paper diaper | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C6.7.5 Detergent (toilet) | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C6.9.1 Air freshener, deodorizers | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C7.1.1 Adhesive (household) | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C7.1.3 Inks | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C7.3 Other stationery | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C13. Other toxic substances | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
C14. Unknown toxic substances | 1 (4.35) | 1 (4.35) |
Total | 23 (100.00) | 23 (100.00) |
Toddler (1–5 yr) exposures (top 25)† | ||
C8.1 Food | 4 (9.52) | 4 (9.52 |
C6.1.6 Creams, lotions | 3 (7.14) | 3 (7.14) |
C6.2.3 Nail polish | 3 (7.14) | 3 (7.14) |
C6.7.5 Detergent (toilet) | 3 (7.14) | 3 (7.14) |
C1.23 Hormone drugs | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C1.3 Antidepressants | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C11.1.1 Tobacco, smoking cessation products | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C4.3 Heavy metal | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C6.1.1 Body cleanser | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C7.1.1 Adhesive (household) | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C6.4.1 Fragrance products | 2 (4.76) | 2 (4.76) |
C1.1.3 Other analgesics | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C1.19 Topical preparations | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C1.20 Vitamins, dietary supplements | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C1.25 Antihistamines | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C1.8 Antibiotics, antimicrobials | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C11.1.2 E-cigarette products | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C11.2.3 Paint, varnish | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C4.1.3 Chlorine bleach | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C6.5.6 Conditioner | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C6.6.1 Dishwasher detergent | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C6.1.1 Foam cleanser | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C9.1.1 Batteries | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
C6.5.2 Liquid detergent (laundry) | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) |
Total | 42 (100.00) | 42 (100.00) |
Child (6–12 yr) exposures | ||
C11.2.6 Fire extinguishing agents | 2 (13.33) | 2 (14.29) |
C1.1.3 Other analgesics | 2 (13.33) | 1 (7.14) |
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C1.24 Antiasthmatic | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C1.25 Antihistamines | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C1.4 Cardiovascular drugs | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C5.1 Marine animals | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C6.4.8 Paper diaper | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C7.1.4 Artist paints | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C7.2.3 Slimes | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C7.3 Other stationery | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C8.1 Food | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
C13. Other toxic substances | 1 (6.67) | 1 (7.14) |
Total | 15 (100.00) | 14 (100.00) |
Teen (13–19 yr) exposures | ||
C1.3 Antidepressants | 12 (27.91) | 12 (42.86) |
C1.2.4 Antipsychotics | 10 (23.26) | 2 (7.14) |
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 8 (18.60) | 4 (14.29) |
C1.7 Cold and cough preparations | 2 (4.65) | - |
C4.5 Other artificial toxic substances | 2 (4.65) | 2 (7.14) |
C1.1 Analgesics | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C1.2.3 Zolpidem | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C1.24 Antiasthmatic | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C11.2.3 Paint, varnish | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C4.1.3 Chlorine bleach | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C7.1.4 Artist paints | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C14. Unknown toxic substances | 1 (2.33) | 1 (3.57) |
C1.12 Digestive medicine | 1 (2.33) | - |
Total | 43 (100.00) | 28 (100.00) |
Adult (20–69 yr) exposures (top 25) | ||
C1.3 Antidepressants | 76 (28.68) | 72 (36.36) |
C1.2.4 Antipsychotics | 50 (18.87) | 11 (5.56) |
C1.2.3 Zolpidem | 24 (9.06) | 24 (12.12) |
C1.2 Sedative, hypnotics, antipsychotics | 23 (8.68) | 5 (2.53) |
C4.5 Other artificial toxic substances | 14 (5.28) | 14 (7.07) |
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 12 (4.53) | 12 (6.06) |
C8.1 Food | 9 (3.40) | 9 (4.55) |
C4.1.3 Chlorine bleach | 6 (2.26) | 6 (3.03) |
C6.8.4 Insecticides(household) | 6 (2.26) | 6 (3.03) |
C1.2.1 Benzodiazepine | 4 (1.51) | 4 (2.02) |
C11.2.6 Fire extinguishing agents | 4 (1.51) | 4 (2.02) |
C1.4 Cardiovascular drugs | 4 (1.51) | 4 (2.02) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 4 (1.51) | 1 (0.51) |
C1.12 Digestive medicine | 4 (1.51) | 1 (0.51) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 3 (1.13) | 3 (1.52) |
C1.2.5 Other sedative, hypnotics, antipsychotics | 3 (1.13) | 3 (1.52) |
C1.7 Cold and cough preparations | 3 (1.13) | 3 (1.52) |
C2.1.2 Glyphosate | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
C2.2 Insecticide | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
C2.2.1 Organophosphate | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
C2.2.4 Other insecticide | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
C3.2 Other gases | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
C3.3 Unknown gases | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
C6.2.1 Powders (cosmetics) | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
C9.2 Fuel | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.01) |
Total | 265 (100.00) | 198 (100.00) |
Geriatric (≤70 yr) exposures (top 25) | ||
C1.2.3 Zolpidem | 7 (13.46) | 6 (13.33) |
C1.3 Antidepressants | 6 (11.54) | 6 (13.33) |
C1.2.4 Antipsychotics | 6 (11.54) | 3 (6.67) |
C2.2.4 Other insecticide | 3 (5.77) | 3 (6.67) |
C1.2 Sedative, hypnotics, antipsychotics | 2 (3.85) | 2 (4.44) |
C1.2.1 Benzodiazepine | 2 (3.85) | 2 (4.44) |
C2.2.2 Pyrethroid | 2 (3.85) | 2 (4.44) |
C2.2.3 Carbamate | 2 (3.85) | 2 (4.44) |
C4.1.1 Glacial acetic acid | 2 (3.85) | 2 (4.44) |
C4.1.3 Chlorine bleach | 2 (3.85) | 2 (4.44) |
C5.4 Bites (terrestrial animals) | 2 (3.85) | 2 (4.44) |
C1.98 Other medicine | 2 (3.85) | 1 (2.22) |
C1.26 Antihyperlipidemic | 2 (3.85) | 1 (2.22) |
C1.1.1 Acetaminophen | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C1.25 Antihistamines | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C1.4 Cardiovascular drugs | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C14. Unknown toxic substances | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C2.2.1 Organophosphate | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C3.1 Carbon monoxide | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C4.5 Other artificial toxic substances | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C5.5 Other natural toxic substances | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C6.1.5 Toner, skin | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C6.8.4 Insecticides (household) | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C1.12 Digestive medicine | 1 (1.92) | 1 (2.22) |
C1.5 Oral antidiabetic drug | 1 (1.92) | - |
Total | 52 (100.00) | 45 (100.00) |
*The general public refers to all subjects except for medical staff in Table 3. Caller types.