- Genoprotective Effect of Melatonin Against to the Genotoxicity of Glyphosate on Human Blood Lymphocytes
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Jung-Gyu Kim, Woo-Ik Choi, Jae-Ho Lee, In-Jang Choi, Sang-Chan Jin
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J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol. 2016;14(2):144-150. Published online December 31, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2016.14.2.144
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- Purpose: Glyphosate is a widely used non-selective herbicide. Previous studies have shown that glyphosate has genotoxicity, and that even low-doses of glyphosate can cause DNA damage. Melatonin is a hormone produced and secreted by the pineal gland that is known to be a potent anti-carcinogen, anti-oxidant, and genetic protector. This study was conducted to investigate the genoprotective effect of melatonin against glyphosate in human blood lymphocytes. Methods: Human peripheral blood was obtained from 15 young, healthy volunteers and cultured under four different toxicologic conditions. The four groups consisted of a control group, glyphosate only group (300 ng/mL), glyphosate with low level of melatonin group ($50{mu}M$), and glyphosate with high level of melatonin group ($200{mu}M$). The mean Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) frequency of each group was then analyzed. Results: Glyphosate exposed groups had a higher mean SCE frequency ($10.33{pm}2.50$) than the control group ($6.78{pm}2.31$, p<0.001). Interestingly, the group that received a low-level of melatonin had a lower mean SCE frequency ($8.67{pm}2.58$) than the glyphosate-only group, while the group that received a high level of melatonin had a much lower mean SCE frequency ($8.06{pm}2.50$) than the glyphosate-only group. There was statistical significance. Conclusion: Melatonin exerted a potent gene protective effect against the genotoxicity of glyphosate on human blood lymphocytes in a dose-dependent fashion.
- In vitro Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Sister Chromatid Exchange in the Lymphocytes Exposed to Glyphosate
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Jung-Min Park, Woo-Ik Choi, Sang-Chan Jin, Jae-Ho Lee, In-Jang Choi
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J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol. 2016;14(2):78-82. Published online December 31, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2016.14.2.78
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- Purpose: Green tea is known as a potent anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogen, and genetic protector. Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is a widely used non-selective herbicide that causes DNA damage. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of green tea in human blood lymphocytes exposed to glyphosate using the Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) frequency method. Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 10 volunteers and cultured through four different conditions. Four groups were divided into control, glyphosate only (300 ng/mL), glyphosate and low ($20{mu}m$) concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and glyphosate and high ($100{mu}m$) concentrations of EGCG. Results: The glyphosate exposed groups had a higher mean SCE frequency ($10.33{pm}2.50$) than the control group ($6.38{pm}2.28$, p<0.001). The low concentrations of EGCG groups had a lower mean SCE frequency ($9.91{pm}1.93$) than the glyphosate-only group, although this difference was not significant (p=0.219). However, the high concentration group ($9.49{pm}1.85$) had a significantly lower SCE frequency than the glyphosate-only group (p=0.001). Conclusion: EGCG has a gene protective effect in human lymphocytes exposed to the genotoxicity of glyphosate in the case of high concentrations.
- Factors Associated with Delayed Neuropsychological Sequelae in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Patients Treated by Hyperbaric Oxygen
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Dong-Ha Lee, Woo-Ik Choi
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J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol. 2011;9(2):88-94. Published online December 31, 2011
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- Purpose: Delayed neuropsychological sequelae (DNS) commonly occurs after recovery from acute carbon monoxide poisoning. The aim of this article is to identify the factors associated with DNS development. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients, admitted to the medical center emergency department from June 2005 to March 2011, who were suffering from acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We categorized the patients into two groups - those with DNS, and those without DNS. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors related to manifestation of DNS. Results: Of the total one hundred fifty seven patients (157) recruited for the study, twenty two (22) developed DNS. Longer CO exposure times and lower GCS scores were positively associated with development of DNS symptoms. Conclusion: Our study identified two potential factors which are predictive of DNS development in CO intoxication, however, more studies are needed. Adequate follow-up after hospital discharge to monitor for and accurately identify manifestation of DNS, is also important.
- Risk Factors Associated with Complications of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
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Sung-Won Jang, Jae-Cheon Jeon, Woo-Ik Choi
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J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol. 2009;7(1):10-18. Published online June 30, 2009
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- Purpose: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning is an important medical emergency in Korea, but the factors leading to its serious manifestation are not well studied. Methods: We conducted a 5-year retrospective study of 98 carbon monoxide poisoned patients who visited the emergency departments of the Medical Center between December 2004 and March 2009. We categorized the patients into those exhibiting only local symptoms (group 1) and those showing systemic symptoms and complications (group 2). We compared the general characteristics as well as the clinical and laboratory findings between both groups. Results: The male to female ratio was 1.18. The most common systemic symptom was a mental change (43.9%), while the most common complication was rhabdomyolysis (31.6%). Poisoned area closed private room in group 2 were 23 (41.8%) cases and burning region in group 2 were 16(29.1%) cases (p=0.956). Individuals who were accidentally poisoned comprised of 43 (78.2%) cases while those that attempted suicidal poisoning comprised 12 (21.8%) cases (p=0.016). The most common symptom at arrival was mental change 33 (60.0%) cases in group 2. The mean time exposed to carbon monoxide was 43$pm$3.97 hours in group 1 and 55$pm$10.11 in group 2 (p=0.012). The patient's age, context of poisoning, symptom at arrival, and time exposed to the poison were found to be significant risk factors for complications by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Carbon monoxide poisoning is an emergency medical condition and the risk factors involved in the development of serious complications must be evaluated.
- A Case of Trichloroethylene Poisoning
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Jae-Cheon Jean, Sung-Won Jang, Seung-Joan Yang, Jae-Won Lee, Sang-Chan Jin, Myeong-Don Joo, Woo-Ik Choi
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J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol. 2007;5(1):61-66. Published online June 30, 2007
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- Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an unsaturated chlorinated hydrocarbon in the form of a colorless, volatile liquid, which is used as an industrial organic solvent for spot removal and for metal degreasing. In general, the primary complications of TCE poisoning result from involvement of the central nervous and respiratory systems, including aspiration pneumonia. A case is reported of a 54-year-old man who presented in a comatose state after accidental ingestion of 100 ml of TCE, and who recovered after conservative treatment and mechanical ventilation. We discuss this case and present a literature review.
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KSCT
Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology